Therefore, it can be tangible or painted – simulated, emulating what a real texture of a fabric, stone, wood, skin may look like. Texture describes the tactile quality of the painted area, or the illusion of that quality. Art Deco was a modern and decorative style largely based on geometry, but the representation of form had a distinct three-dimensional characteristic, as seen in the work of Tamara de Lempicka. See how in his early work “Basket of Fruit” Caravaggio uses some of the basic elements of art to create the illusion of three-dimensional form. Organic forms define all figures found in nature, from people, animals and plants, to other inorganic natural and irregular objects. Forms, just as shapes, derive from geometry and can be cones, cubes, balls and similar, or from the natural world. Form as such is expected to have width, height and depth, and as in painting it is only an optical illusion, in sculpture it is the most important constituent. It is defined by illusion of volume achieved by the use of shadows and perspective. Corot’s landscape depicts a green scenery, but as the light falls under various angles on the forest, grass and leaves appear darker or lighter.įorm is referring to the three-dimensional figure depicted in a painting. If you look at the Vermeer’s masterpiece “Woman with a balance”, you will see how her skin and close appear lighter or darker, depending of the way the ray of light falls on them. Shading and tinting allow for the limitless transitions in surface rendering, and when executed skillfully, they evoke the natural appearance of things. Therefore, surfaces in a painting must be rendered in different values, even if the subject is all of the same nuance. It’s irreversibly connected to light, just like color, but its purpose is to depict an illusion of light. Sometimes named “tone”, value can be achieved by adding gray to the base – pure color. It refers to the lightness and darkness of a piece, regardless of its hue. Value is the element of art responsible for the dramatic and emotional impression of an artwork, right next to color. Each hue comes in a span of shades, tinted with white to become lighter or shaded with black to turn darker. Value is the third characteristic of color, defining its lightness or darkness. Intensity often refers to saturation or its purity. Intensity is the next trait of this pictorial element, describing the clarity of the hue, in the range from bright, deep and vivid to dull or pastel.
First characteristic of color is therefore nuance or hue, defining the color, in terms we define as red, green, yellow, orange and so on. When mixed, these three colors produce all other nuances of the spectrum. Color hues come in a scale, but there are three basic colors – blue, red and yellow. Note the light nuances of Monet’s piece and the vibrant colors of Van Gogh’s landscape.Ĭolor is the direct consequence of reflection of light and one of the most important elements of art. Color sets the atmosphere in a painting, it describes emotions best, while styles such as Impressionism are based almost solely on color. On other side, cubism of Georges Braque leans onto these geometric shapes, but it uses them as foundation to build recognizable objects. See how the basic geometry is used as such in De Stijl paintings of Piet Mondrian. They are also in charge of creating the subject matter, whether it is figurative or abstract art.
Shape cannot exist without other basic elements of art. At the same time, it can emulate any of the outlines found in nature, depicting silhouettes of different animals, objects, people or plants. It is often related to simple geometric figures such as triangle, square, rectangle, circle or various polygons. Shape refers to area defined by edges – lines, which is two dimensional. The drawing of a dog by David Hockney belongs to a different style, but it is simply executed with the line as the essential pictorial item.
It reminds of a children’s piece, completed quickly with the use of clean lines. See the over-simplified Jean Dubuffet drawing. Some of techniques, such as printmaking, are based on line, and some of drawing types are defined by simple lines alone, such as croquis. Thick or thin, line helps form shape and form, create a drawing and consequently it’s the most basic component of figural and many abstract artistic styles. It is the crucial element in design and the necessary constituent of marks and signs. Width, direction and length of the line often define stroke of an individual artist. It connects a certain distance between two points and it can be straight, curvy, angular or free. Line is the simplest visual expressive means.
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